Essay about Ethical Behavior - 810 Words

The definition of ethical behavior or ethics as a whole is one that eludes many people. There have been many philosophers that have tried to create a set of guidelines that create a code or baseline to a decision. Immanuel Kant is one such person who has created some of the bases that all theories have been based. Kant’s principals or the categorical imperative is the base for the â€Å"Golden Rule†; which is taught to young children. Do on to others, as you would have others do on to you. To quote Kant, â€Å"Act that your principle of action might safely be made a law for the whole world.† Ethical behavior is the way that a person should act using a set of rules or standards that have been formed within a community of people. These communities†¦show more content†¦If the decision hurts more people than it helps then the action should be deemed unethical. This is just one method of finding the ethicality of an action. In this situation bribing a public official is unethical because it creates an environment where that public official is loyal to both the company as well as the constituents that elected them. This creates a situation where the official may have to choose the company that gave them money over the will of the people that have placed their faith and power on them. Laws are the written word that states what can and cannot be done. Most of these laws are based on ethical principals. It is illegal to willfully kill another person without extenuating circumstances being present. This law is to help protect all people’s lives from the actions of other people. This law is ethical in most circumstances but if we use the same calculation as before we could find a situation where killing a person could be justified as â€Å"for the common good†. One example of this would be a serial killer; this type of person is dangerous and is a menace to society. Using common logic it would be acceptable to remove this person from the public, thus protecting a large portion of the population from harm. In this situation is it ethical to kill another human being? Some people say that there are no circumstances whereShow MoreRelatedEthical Leadership : Unethical Behavior1568 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Leadership With all the recent unethical behavior in high profile cases. Someone may ask is there such a thing as ethical leadership? Leadership behaviors have a direct impact on the effectiveness and trust of the leader, the followers, and the organization. In the recent past there have been organizations rocked by scandal and impropriety stemming from how a leader acted or did not act such as: â€Å"the alleged cover-up by Penn State University senior administrators of criminal acts perpetuatedRead MoreFinancial Performance, Reward And Ethical Behaviors Within The World Of Business782 Words   |  4 PagesWe will review the most advantageous methods of investing and explore the Budgetary Performance, Reward and Ethical Behaviors within the world of business. We will explore Linda’s behaviors, ethics, and management style. Firstly, having, someone with Linda’s abilities when coping with and operating many different sides of the accounting and work with many different variables. A person who understands how to shift costs for the short term benefit or long term benefit in order to survive and be profitableRead MoreEthical Behavior790 Words   |  4 Pages Ethical Behavior In this chapter we look at the ethical behavior when it comes to business management. Ethics is defined as the code of moral principles that sets standards of good or bad, or right or wrong, in one’s conduct. You learn how ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace and how high ethical standards can be maintained. Social responsibilities and governance plays a part in ethical behavior as well. Ethical behavior is that which is accepted as â€Å"good†Read MoreUnethical Behavior And Ethical Behavior1519 Words   |  7 PagesUnethical behaviour and ethical behaviour are two factors that are found to be very different around the world. Ethical behaviour can be seen to come from an an individual with a high morality and proper conduct. Unethical behavior, defined as behaviour that violates generally accepted moral norms (Jones, 1991) can usually come from an individual that does not abide by the rules of morality. The professional world is where ethical and unethical behaviour is a constant topic. The professional worldRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Behavior1117 Words   |  5 Pagesethical behavior is the guidelines of behavior perceived in respect to a specific class of human activities or a specific group, society, and culture. If you are ethical, it means you are morally right. If you are unethical, then you are morally wrong. However, how do we determine w hat is exactly right or wrong? Do we know if we are ethical or unethical? I believe that how people define â€Å"ethical behavior† or what people think constitutes ethical can be vary depending on culture we grow up with andRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Behavior Essay2251 Words   |  10 PagesEthical conduct is a representation of leader’s self-expression of who they really are, and with past multi-billion dollar companies reported committing unethical and unmoral acts of behavior, it is imperative that leaders fully comprehend the ramifications related to their unethical behavior. Furthermore, an ethical virtue demonstrated by a leader paves the foundation for their followers to behave with the same ethical behavior established within the organization thus establishing a followers’Read MoreWhat Do You Think Would Be More Effective for Shaping Long-Term Ethical Behavior in an Organization: a Written Code of Ethics Combined with Ethics Training or Strong Ethical Leadership? Which Would Have More Impact on You? 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However, I find my ideals to be tied to Jean Paul Sartre’s existential views wh ich assert that ethical behavior should be rooted in one’s personal ration ­alizations and a person’s actions should reflect free agency. Existentialism is a theory that stresses choiceRead MoreEthical Behavior And Ethical Behaviour1102 Words   |  5 PagesEthical behaviour is the ability to make decisions to act in the morally acceptable manner Dalke Ankerstar, 1995, p.7). It is critical in any organization because it helps in building a good reputation that becomes a company’s selling point. A good reputation enhances mutual understanding between the company and its publics that is the stakeholders, government, employees, customers and the general public. It gains the company a competitive edge in the business environment. 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The Marketing Law in Australia - the Trade Practices Act of 1974 Case Study

Essays on The Marketing Law in Australia - the Trade Practices Act of 1974 Case Study The paper â€Å"The Marketing Law in Australia - the Trade Practices Act of 1974" is a  meaningful example of a case study on the law. It does so by examining and analyzing in detail the case of the ACCC v Waverley Woollen Mills Pty Ltd. It gives background or history of the case and determines Why the ACCC took action against Waverley Woollen Mills. Furthermore, it attempts to answer whether the ACCC should have taken action against Waverley Woollen Mills and the reasons for it. Lastly, it also aims to understand if the sections relied upon by the ACCC are good laws that will protect the interests of the consumers. Various cases similar to Waverley Woollen Mills will be used to prove this particular point and establish that the Trade Practices Act’s main responsibility is to protect consumers.Marketing Law – AustraliaWaverley Woollen Mills Pty. Ltd., is a company based in West Melbourne in the Australian state of Victoria. Their business areas include mohair, wool, woolen blankets, travel rugs, and wool-filled bedding products. Waverley Woollen Pty. Ltd., supplies a wide range of products in Australia and overseas. These products are manufactured from wool, mohair and alpaca fiber. In the first half of the year 2009, Waverley Woollen Mills Pty. Ltd., gave an undertaking to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), under S. 87B of the Trade Practices Act of 1974. The history and reason behind the undertaking are as follows.History and BackgroundFrom the year 2004 to the first quarter of the year 2005, Saigon Wool Company based out of Ho Chi Min City, Vietnam, manufactured a range of woolen jumpers known as Work Wear Jumper for the Tasmania based company Blockmack Pty. Ltd. Approximately 16,540 woolen Work Wear jumpers were manufactured by Saigon Wool Company from wool fiber that was spun in Australia but woven in Vietnam. These jumpers were imported into Australia. In July 2005, Waverley Australia Pty. Ltd., purchased the asset s of Blockmack Pty. Ltd., and in the process, Blockmack transferred the ownership of the Work Wear jumpers to Waverley Australia as a part of this transaction. Once the assets were bought over and the ownership transferred, Waverly Australia began selling the Work Wear jumpers through its factory outlet and several of its retail stores in Tasmania and also through an unrelated company in the United States of America. In October 2008, Waverley Woollen Mills Pty. Ltd., purchased the business operated by Waverley Australia and thus assumed ownership of the remaining Work Wear jumpers. Between October 2008 and February 2009, Waverley Woollen Mills began selling the remaining Work Wear jumpers in its possession, from its factory retail outlet on the mill site in Launceston. The collar label on the Work Wear jumpers read â€Å"Product of Australia†, openly describing the product as one that is made in Australia. The underside of the plastic packaging containing the jumper had a sti cker attached to it, which read, â€Å"Product of Australia, Assembled in Vietnam.†Following an investigation, the ACCC, which is responsible for enforcing the Trade Practices Act 1974, alleged that Waverley Woollen Mills Pty Ltd., had breached the sections 52, 53 and 55 of the Trade Practices Act, in representing the jumper as a â€Å"Product of Australia†, when it was in fact manufactured in Vietnam. According to s. 52 Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth), a corporation is not allowed to engage in misleading or deceptive conduct or conduct that is likely to mislead or deceive. Additionally, s. 53 Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth), a company is prohibited from making false or misleading representations regarding the place of origin of goods. Based on the above two sections, it can be said that Waverley Woollen Mills is answerable to the ACCC, as they have falsely misrepresented the place of origin of the Work Wear jumpers sold by them. They have claimed that it is a product of Australia, when in fact it was made in Vietnam. Furthermore, according to s. 55 Trade Practices Act 1974, a person in trade is prohibited from engaging in conduct that misleads the public with reference to the nature of the goods, manufacturing process, characteristics or the suitability for their purpose. Here again, Waverley Woollen Mills has breached the Trade Practices Act 1974, by misleading the public regarding the manufacturing process of the Work Wear jumpers. The fact that they have breached the TPA is further proved based on the test for representations that goods are a product of a country given in s. 65AC Trade Practices Act of 1974. The first point in s. 65AC TPA states that a company claims that its product is made in a country when it uses words such as a product of or produces. This claim has been made by Waverley Woollen Mills in the label of its jumpers. However for a company to claim this, s. 65AC TPA gives two main prerequisites. Firstly, each of the significant ingredients or components of the goods must have that country as the origin and secondly, all of virtually all of the processes involved in the production or manufacture of the good must happen in the country specified. These two conditions have been breached by Waverley Woollen Mills Pty. Ltd., as the wool used for the jumpers was woven in Vietnam although it was spun in Australia. Since for a claim such as â€Å"Product of Australia†, all products and ingredients have to be manufactured and processed in Australia, the claim made by Waverley Woollen Mills is considered false and misleading.

Jack Londons Naturalism free essay sample

For sometime later, in defending himself against charges of President Theodore Roosevelt and John Burroughs, who had accused him of being a â€Å"nature-faker,† London states his artistic purpose in The Call of the Wild and White Fang:I have been guilty of writing two animal stories—two books about dogs. The writing of these two stories, on my part, was in truth a protest against the â€Å"humanizing† of animals, of which it seemed to me several â€Å"animal writers† had been profoundly guilty. Time and again, and many times, in my narratives, I wrote, speaking of my dog heroes: â€Å"He did not think these things; he merely did them,† etc. And I did this repeatedly to the clogging of my narrative and in violation of my artistic canons; and I did it in order to hammer into the average human understanding that these dog-heroes of mine were not directed by abstract reasoning. We will write a custom essay sample on Jack Londons Naturalism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, I endeavored to make my stories in line with the facts of evolution; I hewed them to the mark set by scientific research, and awoke, one day, to find myself bundled neck and crop into the camp of the nature-faker. 3Throughout the essay, London relies on his rather thorough knowledge of Darwinian thought to defend his assertions. If London were not drawing inferences about man in his â€Å"dog-heroes,† his entire literary career, particularly in relationship to the naturalistic movement, is called into question. For to leave the implications of his struggle-for-survival thesis in the realm of â€Å"lower† animals is to relegate the stories to mere animal adventures. Indeed, there would seem to be no London achievement worth quibbling about. But, in fact, in both the first stories and the first novel—in which human beings are clearly the protagonists—these precise themes and motifs are basic philosophy. The extent to which London makes the Darwinian or Spencerian allegory directly applicable to human existence is surely left for the reader to decide. For while there is confusion in Londons articulation between the explicit relationships of the evolutionary and atavistic concepts developed by Darwin and the views advanced by Spencer, London seems little concerned about delineating either with a nice distinction. Nevertheless, precise qualification which focuses on naturalistic implications of the novel accounts for the meaning of the work. The plot of The Call of the Wild is so familiar, because of its widespread popularity, that to review it would appear unnecessary, particularly in view of the haste with which London wrote it. Since he is ostensibly concerned with dogs in the naturalism here, however, a brief statement of the plot may be helpful. In simplest terms, Buck, a magnificent dog, lives on Judge Millers ranch in California. He is kidnapped and taken to Alaska where through numerous hardships and encounters with the â€Å"wild† he recognizes his affinity to it and reverts to his primordial state. It is clear that Buck is not precisely one of the pure breed for whom London held greatest respect, because Buck is a cross between a St. Bernard and a Scotch sheperd. 4 Still, Bucks pre-eminence, as London later explains, results from the lucky combination of his parents, a familiar philosophical idea emanating from Londons views on natural selection. While the Judge is away at a meeting of the Raisin Growers Association, Buck is stolen by Manuel, a ranch laborer, and sold for fifty dollars to a man who wants to use Buck in the Northern country. In the suggestive initial chapter, â€Å"Into the Primitive,† Buck first learns the difference between the â€Å"cold† world to which he is being taken and the â€Å"warm† world from which he comes. He has not been accustomed to harsh treatment, but being an exceptionally wise dog, he quickly adjusts. In fact, his adjustment and his adaptability become his salvation. Bucks first reaction to rough treatment is in a spirit of rebelliousness. But, London tells his reader before he has gone a dozen pages into the narrative, Buck recognizes a new â€Å"law† when he sees it:He saw, once for all, that he stood no chance against a man with a club. He had learned the lesson, and in all his after life he never forgot it. That club was a revelation. It was his introduction to the reign of primitive law, and he met the introduction halfway. The facts of life took on a fiercer aspect; and while he faced that aspect uncowed, he faced it with all the latent cunning of his nature aroused (21). And each dog who is brought receives the same treatment:As the days went by, other dogs came, in crates and at the end of ropes, some docilely, and some raging and roaring as he had come; and, one and all, he watched them pass under the dominion of the man in the red sweater. Again and again, as he looked at each brutal performance, the lesson was driven home to Buck: a man with a club was a law-giver, a master to be obeyed, though not necessarily conciliated. Of this last Buck was never guilty, though he did see beaten dogs that fawned upon the man, and wagged their tails, and licked his hand. Also he saw one dog, that would neither conciliate nor obey, finally killed in the struggle for mastery (22).

The Collapse of Enron Case Study Essay Example For Students

The Collapse of Enron Case Study Essay The collapse of Enron case study Q1. The key stakeholders involved in, or affected by the collapse of Enron are: employees and retirees, thousands of them lost their jobs and the investment; the executives: Kenneth Lay, Jeffrey Skilling and Andrew Fastow they sold significant blocs of company stock, have conflicts of interests; government figures, Lay had close personal tie with the Bush family, Enron’s efforts influence policy making; regulatory authorities: Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC); their business partners: Arthur Anderson and Vison Elkins; the competitor Dynergy; the two banks: Citi Bank and J. We will write a custom essay on The Collapse of Enron Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now P. Morgan Chase and the last two are the customers and investors. The stakeholders let the collapse of Enron through their carelessness and lack of oversight. Employees were afraid to question the company and their directors and business partners suffered form the same financial conflicts of interest. The government do not ensure the managers action are aligned with stakeholders interests, they have close and personal relationship between upper manager and Board of director and corporate governance agents and have high compensation for board member. The accounting methods used by management to manipulate Enron’s earnings. The reward system let employees to make the accounting numbers look good. The deregulation causes the market become more volatile and risk, customers and producers are complaint. Regulators enforcement did not enough, Enron’s financial statements look like a black box. The business partners encourage Enron do some questionable activities. Because of the collapse, the two banks faced major write-downs on bad loans and before the collapse the management still lying to employees to who have invested in Enron’s stocks. Q2. The corporate strategy in Enron encourages the company use illegal and questionable ways to increase value. Enron’s compensation and award system and the â€Å"rank and yank† system let the executives use questionable activities and the employees afraid to ask the question to avoid be fire. The illegal accounting procedures cause the company collapse. The lack of stakeholders oversight and the political influence giving Enron the competitive advantage (deregulation). Q3. For corporate managers in Enron, they should consider more ethical ways to achieving its objectives. They should lower the compensation to board members, increasing responsibility to the board member to oversight the company’s operations. Choose the board member outside the company officers. Use the accounting procedure that intent of misrepresenting a company’s financial statement. The company should make the relatively policy to let employees understand the ethical violations are serious and make some punishment to illegal activities. Regulators such as the SEC should conducted backdoor investigations into how the company’s earnings were being made. The accounting and legal firm should have responsibility for their relationship between their clients. And the business policy should have regulator agency to monitors their behaviors.

Cannabary tales essays

Cannabary tales essays In the novel, Cannery Row, many characters experience hardships and asperities throughout their lives in order to make a living. Two characters who works hard to make their lives worthwhile are a grocer Lee Chong and a scientist Doc. These two characters pose a great exemplary of hardworking and achievement. Lee Chong, a shrewd sometime manipulative businessman but is a kindhearted owns a small grocery store at the Cannery Row. He is a diligent worker who helps out the unfortunates of the Cannery Row. Benevolent man assists many needy customers by offering them credits to the store. The generosity of Lee Chong symbolizes caring and loving for other people. Affectionate care that Mr. Chong provide for the people of Cannery Row may bring him a good fortune in him. However, along with his soft heart Lee Chong has a very strict and disciplined mind towards people who are lazy, selfish, and greedy. He does not tolerate for people who cheat and deprive others. He knows what is the right thing to do and what is wrong. Throughout the reading, Mr. Chong executes his soft, generous heart yet with powerful and rigorous mind. Doc, a gentle, melancholy scientist works at a laboratory at the Row. Western Biological Laboratory, home of Doc, studies variety types of specimens for research, which is his passion of life. His interest about animals keeps him very happy about what he does. Villagers of the Cannery Row show loyal respect and dignity to Doc. The enthusiasm of driving hours to catch starfishes at the sea is a great adventure. The warmhearted man also helped impoverished people like Frankie. Frankie is a young boy who received no love in his life and also had a physical disorder, which he was unable to control. But over the years spending time with Doc, Frankie was loved and cared by him. Doc is another studious worker who made an effort to fulfill his life with joy and accomplishment. Two characters, Lee Chong and Doc portrayed them...

Learn the pH of Common Chemicals

Learn the pH of Common Chemicals pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a chemical is when its in aqueous (water) solution. A neutral pH value (neither an acid nor a base) is 7. Substances with a pH greater than 7 up to 14 are considered bases. Chemicals with a pH lower than 7 down to 0 are considered acids. The closer the pH is to 0 or 14, the greater its acidity or basicity, respectively. Heres a list of the approximate pH of some common chemicals. Key Takeaways: pH of Common Chemicals pH is a measure of how acidic or basic an aqueous solution is. pH usually ranges from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic). A pH value around 7 is considered neutral.pH is measured using pH paper or a pH meter.Most fruits, vegetables, and body fluids are acidic. While pure water is neutral, natural water may be either acidic or basic. Cleaners tend to be basic. pH of Common Acids Fruits and vegetables tend to be acidic. Citrus fruit, in particular, is acidic to the point where it can erode tooth enamel. Milk is often considered to be neutral, since its only slightly acidic. Milk becomes more acidic over time. The pH of urine and saliva is slightly acidic, around a pH of 6. Human skin, hair, and nails tends to have a pH around 5. 0 - Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)1.0 - Battery Acid (H2SO4 sulfuric acid) and stomach acid2.0 - Lemon Juice2.2 - Vinegar3.0 - Apples, Soda3.0 to 3.5 - Sauerkraut3.5 to 3.9 - Pickles4.0 - Wine and Beer4.5 - Tomatoes4.5 to 5.2 - Bananasaround 5.0 - Acid Rain5.0 - Black Coffee5.3 to 5.8 - Bread5.4 to 6.2 - Red Meat5.9 - Cheddar Cheese6.1 to 6.4 - Butter6.6 - Milk6.6 to 6.8 - Fish Neutral pH Chemicals Distilled water tends to be slightly acidic because of dissolved carbon dioxide and other gases. Pure water is nearly neutral, but rain water tends to be slightly acidic. Natural water rich in minerals tends to be alkaline or basic. 7.0 - Pure Water pH of Common Bases Many common cleaners are basic. Usually, these chemicals have very high pH. Blood is close to neutral, but is slightly basic. 7.0 to 10 - Shampoo7.4 - Human Blood7.4 - Human Tears7.8 - Eggaround 8 - Seawater8.3 - Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)around 9 - Toothpaste10.5 - Milk of Magnesia11.0 - Ammonia11.5 to 14 - Hair Straightening Chemicals12.4 - Lime (Calcium Hydroxide)13.0 - Lye14.0 - Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Other pH Values Soil pH ranges from 3 to 10. Most plants prefer a pH between 5.5 and 7.5. Stomach acid contains hydrochloric acid and other substances and has a pH value of 1.2. While pure water free of undissolved gases is neutral, not much else is. However, buffer solutions may be prepared to maintain a pH near 7. Dissolving table salt (sodium chloride) in water does not change its pH. How to Measure pH There are multiple ways to test the pH of substances. The simplest method is to use pH paper test strips. You can make these yourself using coffee filters and cabbage juice, use Litmus paper, or other test strips. The color of the test strips corresponds to a pH range. Because the color change depends on the type of indicator dye used to coat the paper, the result needs to be compared against a chart of standard. Another method is to draw a small sample of a substance and apply drops of pH indicator and observe the test change. Many home chemicals are natural pH indicators. pH test kits are available to test liquids. Usually these are designed for a particular application, like aquaria or swimming pools. pH test kits are fairly accurate, but may be affected by other chemicals in a sample. The most accurate method of measuring pH is using a pH meter. pH meters are more expensive than test papers or kits and require calibration, so they are generally used in schools and labs. Note About Safety Chemicals that have very low or very high pH are often corrosive and can produce chemical burns. Its fine to dilute these chemicals in pure water to test their pH. The value wont be changed, but the risk will be reduced. Sources Slessarev, E. W.; Lin, Y.; Bingham, N. L.; Johnson, J. E.; Dai, Y.; Schimel, J. P.; Chadwick, O. A. (November 2016). Water balance creates a threshold in soil pH at the global scale. Nature. 540 (7634): 567–569. doi:10.1038/nature20139

John F. Kennedy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

John F. Kennedy - Research Paper Example Kennedy. Patrick Joseph Kennedy was an impressively successful banker and a leading figure in Boston’s liquor trade. John E. Fitzgerald was a politician and served thrice as a U.S. congressman in Massachusetts and later provided his loyal services as Boston’s mayor. John F. Kennedy’s parents were Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Elizabeth Kennedy who were the offspring’s of Patrick Joseph Kennedy and John E. Fitzgerald. Despite being extremely wealthy, JFK did not enjoy an ideal childhood because he had Addison’s disease. John F. Kennedy was second of nine children born to Joseph and Elizabeth and he inherited his father’s political ambitions after Joe Kennedy Jr. was killed in World War II. (Dallek 2011). The Kennedy family moved to Riverdale, New York in the year 1926. JFK attended Riverdale Country Day School and at the age of thirteen went off to attend Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. Initially, Jack was perceived as an unli kely candidate for public office due to his lack of desire to handle public affairs. Jack won the election as a U.S. congressional representative from Boston in 1946. However, Jack was soon bored with the monotonous routine of the office coupled with his inability to make a big mark in the affairs. (Dallek 2011). The Kennedy family moved to Riverdale, New York in the year 1926. JFK attended Riverdale Country Day School and at the age of thirteen went off to attend Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. Joseph Kennedy was appointed U.S. ambassador to Great Britain while, Jack was still in college. The Great Depression of 1930s did not affect the Kennedy’s because of Joseph’s exceptional bussiness skills. Jack graduated from Harvard in the year 1940 as a young charismatic man with devastatingly handsome looks. In 1940, Jack published a book based on a paper he had written in Harvard, the book titled â€Å"Why England Slept† was an instant bestseller and br ought fame and attention to JFK. (Raatma 2002).

Leadership Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership Assessment - Essay Example However, a leader must emulate a style that is focused at creating conducive working environment that is essential for improving the employee’s productivity. This paper seeks to assess leadership strategies that the director of Peytons Limited Company, an organization I used to work for. One of the strategies that our director applied which had a positive impact on me was the engaging style of leadership. Managers and employees should fully understand the conditions that exist in their organizations. In this way, it is easy for them to emulate effective strategies as a team to address the conditions (Torbert, 2004). It is through identifying the importance of employees in our organization that the director adopted the engaging style. This entailed meting regularly with the employees especially during the period of low sales or reduced profits in order to understand their concern. In this way, the employee’s problems were easily addressed leading to a significant level o f employee’s motivation. The director also applied the democratic style of leadership. This entailed making the employees participate in the decision making process by ensuring that each of the worker had an equal chance of giving a feedback regarding the policies that the director emulated. ... Based on the fact that our organization was not engaged in production of large number of products types, the director introduced a sales department, a customer service department as well as an accounting department for each of the products. Each of department involved a strong team of skilled individuals and by allocating various duties to the teams, the director created a sustainable culture of team work leading to the success of the organization. The decentralization of the company activities is another positive implication of the matrix structure that the director adopted. It is vital to note that by ensuring that the employees have the skills and experience to handle various activities, managers are greatly assisted in their duties thus resulting to a strong team work within an organization (Yukl, 2006). As a sales representative in Peytons Company, I participated in making decision on the matters relating to marketing of our products. Through the various meeting we held with oth er members of the sales teams, my relationship skills in the work place were greatly improved. Despite the wide range of activities that our organization was engaged in, the director used various channels of communication to ensure that each of the employees was aware of the company policies. Additionally, the director was aimed at creating high ethical standards that are in line with the government policies in terms of gender balance during employment as well as creating a strong team that was engaged in conflict resolution. The table below indicates the evaluation of the Peytons Director. Aspect of evaluation Poor Good Average Excellent Remarks Maintaining high level of discipline among employees Motivated employees Gender balance during hiring Motivated employees Solving

Sir Philip Sidney Essay Example for Free

Sir Philip Sidney Essay â€Å"Thou blinds man mark† one of Sir Philip Sidney’s most famous poem, he writes about desire. In the poem Sir Philip Sidney complains about desire yet he shows us how he was able to overcome desire. He starts off in the poem by saying the following â€Å"Thou Blind Man’s mark, thou fools self chosen share† He uses the sentence as a metaphor to compare desire to a snare. Sidney sees desire as a trap, if were to get a hold of one’s life. Sidney also compares desire to a â€Å"Web of will† which interprets his meaning of it as a trap. The trap is strong on its victims and has very prominent effects.In the second stanza Sidney exclaims â€Å"Desire, desire! I have too dearly brought.† Sidney uses all these as repetition to show his true feelings of how desire has truly made him undeniably suffer. It shows how much time he has wasted instead of worrying on the more important thing life beholds. He learned to pay for desire with a â€Å"Mangled mind† The toughest thing was getting over it but Sidney shows desire wouldn’t completely engulf him.In the beginning of the sestet he blatantly speaks of his overcoming of desire, though it did control most of his life. He uses anaphora to highlight desire â€Å"In vain thou hast ruin sought.† In the ending of the third stanza, the speaker gives us the idea of him not being able to fall in desire, virtue brought him back. It gives a great turn point on the complexity of his life.The end is quite overwhelming along with the last two lines of the poem. He speaks of reward after everything he has gone through with desire. To the end of the poem it reads â€Å"Destiny naught but how kill desire.† The paradox enforces that even though he has overcome it doesn’t mean he is finished with. Further more in thou Blind Man’s Mark Sidney couldn’t truly conquer desire because it is a lifelong battle and that trying to control it can destroy s person in the process. It isn’t something you can live without but live with and battle.

Awareness in Boys and Girls by Alice Munro Essay example -- Boys and G

When children are faced with emotional events that challenge their ideas, they take another step on the road to being â€Å"grown up† as they discover their identity. The short story â€Å"Boys and Girls† written by Alice Munro illustrates this coming of age by allowing us to follow the development of a young girl. We follow the main character, who narrates the story, as she changes from beginning to end. As the story opens, the narrator acts like a care free child, not paying heed to her gender. She then begins to react strongly to the way she is treated by her family and their expectations of her young womanhood. Once she realizes that some changes are inevitable she begins to adopt a new understanding of who she is which is evidence of a more mature way of thinking. This story demonstrates that difficult childhood experiences regarding gender contribute to a developing maturity and are frequently met with varying degrees of resistance. In the early parts of the story, the narrator behaves in a way that would be expected of a young child. She, along with her younger brother, finds Henry Bailey (the family’s hired hand) to be quite amusing in his antics. She states that â€Å"we admired [Henry] for [his] performance and for his ability to make his stomach growl at will, and for his laughter, which was full of high whistling and gurgling and involved the whole faulty machinery of his chest†(101). Being afraid of the dark is another experience that she and her brother share, and they fabricate rules that â€Å"When the light was on, [they] were safe as long as [they] did not step off the square of worn carpet which defined [their] bedroom-space† (101). Children that are of a young age will often make up stories that reflect their s... ... let Flora run free, he â€Å"[speaks] with resignation, even good humour, the words which absolved and dismissed [her] for good. ‘She’s only a girl’ † (114) to which she states â€Å"I didn’t protest that, even in my heart. Maybe it was true† (114). It is not an easy task for a child to understand the obligations that accompany their assigned gender, yet while they encounter difficulties processing these thoughts they are also achieving a greater sense of identity. Different stages of life consist of social rules that encode how one is to behave, however, it is not clearly defined when the transition should occur from young girl to young woman. It is not surprising that learning about gender roles and their associated responsibilities is not an easy part of a young child’s maturation and is often the result of a very emotionally charged collection of experiences.

Corporate Strategy Essay

Diversification is even more prominent in other parts of the world †¢ Grupos, chaebol, business houses, keiretsu, and so on – Poor corporate strategy is common â€Å"Excite, one of the leading Internet services companies, yesterday [received a] takeover offer from Zapata, a Texas-based group with holdings in marine protein and food packaging companies. Citing the â€Å"excellent fit with Zapata’s new strategic direction,† Avram Glazer, Zapata’s chief executive officer, said the proposed transaction â€Å"makes sense for Excite’s shareholders because of the capital resources that Zapata can bring to Excite. † Financial Times, May 22, 1998 2 What diversified corporation did this become? 3 Decomposition of Variance in Profitability: Evidence from the United States Year 2% Industry 18% Corporate parent 4% Transient 46% †¢ In the U. S. corporate strategy is typically the icing on the cake, not the cake itself – Business units must be competitive on their own merits – †¦in attractive industries †¢ But the icing can make the decisive difference between a good cake and a bad one Business segment 30% Note: Ignores covariance terms; based on 58,132 observations of 12,296 business segments in 628 industries in the United States Source: Anita M. McGahan and Michael E. Porter, â₠¬Å"How Much Does Industry Matter Really? † Strategic Management Journal, 1997 4 Decomposition of Variance in Profitability: Evidence from 14 Emerging Economies †¢ In much of the rest of the world, corporate strategy is more prominent †¢ Membership in a diversified entity has a larger effect on profitability †¢ The effect on profitability is more likely to be positive Source: Tarun Khanna and Jan W. Rivkin, â€Å"Estimating the Performance Effects of Business Groups in Emerging Markets,† Strategic Management Journal, 2000 Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, India, Indonesia, Israel, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey Litmus Test of Corporate Strategy †¢ Is the combination of all businesses of the firm worth more than the sum of how much each business is worth individually? – The answer could be less, e. g. J. C. Penney telemarketing division was worth 3X the market value of the entire firm †¢ When deciding whether or not to acquire another business, you need to decide BOTH – whether you have a competitive advantage running that business – AND how it will contribute to the fit among the other 6 businesses you are running Acrobat Document 7 The Walt Disney Company: Stock Price vs. S&P 500, 1984-1994 8 The Walt Disney Company: Stock Price vs. S&P 500, 1995-2005 9 Two big problems 1. Growth at all costs: †¢ This is an example of what happens when a solid corporate strategy meets an aggressive growth goal 2. Mismatch between strategy and organizational structure: †¢ You can have a corporation with businesses that are closely connected like the classic Disney businesses and then run the businesses together in a tightly integrated way. That can work. †¢ You can have a corporation with the broader scope of later Disney and run them in a loosely coupled way. That can work. †¢ But if you have a corporation with the broader scope of later Disney and run them like the classic Disney, with heavy-handed management from the top, searching for synergy that doesn’t really exist†¦then you get into trouble. – In 2005, ABC President Robert Iger replaces Eisner 10 The Walt Disney Company: Stock Price vs. S&P 500, 2005-2012 11 The Walt Disney Company: Take-aways Core lessons of corporate-level strategy †¢ Competition occurs at the level of the business unit †¢ Corporate strategy is a success or failure to the extent that it enhances business unit competitive advantage – Is the relative gap between WTP and cost larger than it would be otherwise? †¢ Two tests: – Better-off: Does the presence of the corporation in a given market improve the total competitive advantage of business units over and above what they could achieve on their own? (What’s the added value of the corporation? – Ownership: Does ownership of the business unit produce a greater competitive advantage than an alternative arrangement would produce? †¢ A corporation is more likely to pass the tests when it has some shared resource that (a) creates competitive advantage for the business units and (b) is difficult to trade efficiently via the market – E. g. , access to animated characters – Making business units â€Å"better off† sounds easy, but it typically requires sophisticated structures, systems, and processes, plus cultural supports 12 Corporate strategy entails trade-offs Either focus on†¦ or focus on†¦ Guidance on the Projects Overall Grading †¢ The project must cover all three components of the class – Human and Social Capital – Strategy – Multinational Management Components of Grade (NOT equally weighted) †¢ Use of frameworks (most important issue) †¢ Quality of research †¢ Innovativeness/Insight of analysis †¢ Integration of different components of class †¢ Quality of communication 14 †¢ ? of grade will be based on presentation; ? on final project write up †¢ We will also use a peer assessment to adjust the grade for effort put in by each team member

Individual Reflection : Handling Difficult Conversation

This paper is my individual reflection on how to handle difficult conversations. We are faced with difficulty to transfer the message we want the other to understand and comply or support. Because of this complexity of communication barrier we end up in a conflict or a confrontation. When this happens we let go of the problem – forget it , avoid it, avoid being involved or ignore it. Learning two way conversation and certain strategies to handle a difficult conversation, is a step to better yourself in the way you voice out without any personal intent.In our everyday lives whether professional or personal we always encounter a difficult conversation – conflict on one and confrontation on the other. Most in some cases goes for the best of intentions for the benefit or interest of the person or the company. But what makes it a difficult conversation is how you relay the message on board, how one decides to handle it, how you understand it, how your message is being unders tood by the other and whether to comply or give support.My individual reflection for this is an incident that has occurred between two directors of the company whom are also the proprietors of the company – my mother and I. As much as my mother and I are the sole owners of the company, my late father left behind, I would like to use it in relation to this topic of difficult conversations in a professional setting. My mother and I have different ways of doing things and have different ideals when it comes to running a business. She is my superior as the Managing director of the company.She is old fashioned in her approach to things and also does not read or write and I am kind of what I’ll like to describe as transforming. There was a situation that occurred when some of our clients were complaining about the quality of the TV sets in their rooms and how they didn’t like the idea of them having to pay that much money for a night in the hotel and have to watch a b oxed TV instead of the new flat screen TV that were in vogue. I decided to have a meeting with my mother on this matter to explain the importance of upping our standards in terms of quality.My mum found this statement from me demeaning and queried me that it’s not in my place to talk to her about such matters. I on hearing those exact words flamed up and attacked saying I had as much rights and power as her when it meant running of the company and as such my opinions as well as decisions matters whenever I decide to put them forth. Next thing I noticed was that our conversation became so heated and filled with argument that we weren't even talking about the success of the business anymore but moved from away from its professional discussion to that of a personal confrontation.I decided to stop talking about this because I noticed my mother wasn't being receptive to anything I was saying at that moment, so I let the topic drop for that moment but went on to contact my aunt and explained to her my views on the issue and how difficult it was for my mother to see my view on the issue. This turned out to be a good idea as my aunt was able to relay my opinion concerning the company and its improvements and she helped to straightening out a lot of things also.Using my aunt as an intermediary between my mother and I was effective as it was able to quell the discord we were having as well as relay my opinions on the pressing issue at hand at that moment in time. But as time goes by I sat and thought over things that I cannot be using my aunt as an intermediary all the time my mother and I are having an argument. I had to think of a more approachable way to rely my messages across to my mother without creating any misunderstanding. I realized that I needed to deliver the message towards thinking of it as a two-way learning conversation.  (Christensen, 2011).When I thought over our argument I realized I involved too much emotions and forgot about the companyâ₠¬â„¢s interest. In that I noticed how money, as well as emotions are factors that lead to difficult conversations as Christensen. K (2011). Moreover I also didn’t take into consideration the age difference, refinement of etiquette, difference of seeing things and also literateness.I sat with my mother on a normal day and asked her â€Å"Mom, how did you understand when I told you we had to upgrade the quality of services we offer in the hotel?†, she said â€Å"Mariah, I am not stupid you know, I do not know how to read and write and that is not my fault because my parents couldn’t send me to school but I give you the opportunity and you benefitted to where you are today, and when you want to say something, talk to me in a manner you don’t have to be sarcastic. † It took me a while to understand what she meant by me being sarcastic. I wondered whether my being straightforward telling her the truth was unacceptable or was it the way I said it.As acco rding to Amy & Diana I realized I had a personal motive conflict between my mother and I when there are better ways to voice it out calmly without involving any personal interest or have any personal intention whatsoever Moreover I remembered what my father told me once that in business don’t argue to win or to imply who is right or wrong. A problem or an unpleasant event has happened instead of sitting there and complaining and arguing what should and should not be done, take the professional actions to solve the problem if it benefits the company and everybody at the end. No loss occurred and incurred.Well, if I had listened to my father I do not think I would end up having an argument with my mother and wasting time to solve the problem. Nevertheless, from this course I have learned from Amy & Diana to practice self – management â€Å"the ability to examine and transform the thoughts and feelings that hijack one’s ability to reason cally when conflicts heat up†, reflecting on spontaneous reactions – â€Å"once a conflict triggers an emotional reaction, reflecting can cool one’s own emotion down by turning the automatic â€Å"go† response into a more deliberate â€Å"know† response†, reframing and manage conversations.Moreoevr according to Engels, he stated that when you deliver difficult messages you should avoid ordering/directing, warning/threatening, preaching/moralizing, advising/giving solutions, evaluating/blaming and interpreting/diagnosing. In which I realized I was having a rather ordering tone with my mother. Being that I am able to admit where I am having a problem with delivering my messages, from what I have learned I would be well prepared to most especially listen before I react and plan for a better conversation and find a more comfortable way in relaying my messages across.

4 Rules For Creating Awesome Content Your Audience Loves

4 Rules For Creating Awesome Content Your Audience Loves I know you’re not just another aimless blogger (or podcaster, video maker, [insert  what you do  here]) looking to clutter up the Internet. You have a specific purpose behind your content. You want to create content  that is valuable for your audience and grows your business. That’s the good news. The bad news is that, even with a noble purpose like that one, it’s really hard to get your content noticed. 4 Rules For Creating Awesome #ContentMarketing Your Audience Will Love via @sonjajobsonNo one is looking for plain old â€Å"accurate† or â€Å"relevant† content anymore. They don’t have to look for it because it’s flooding their inbox and social streams constantly, like an all-you-can-eat buffet. Your audience wants something more. They want content that not only provides accurate and relevant information, but something that applies to their specific situation, something they can relate with, and something that helps them make real, significant improvement in their life. Whether you’re aiming to teach, inspire, or entertain with your content, use the following 4 rules to create content  that your audience will love, share, and come back for. No one looks for accurate or relevant #content. Thats everywhere. Yours has to be better.Rule #1 – Not All Topics Are Created Equal Your readers are very picky. And why shouldn’t they be? Somewhere around 2 million blog posts are written every day. That’s a heckuva lot of content to choose from. So when it comes to picking a topic for your next blog post or video, it’s worth putting in a little extra time- and research- to get it right. And there’s one more thing to consider: A content topic that sounds great to you might not sound great to your audience. In order to stand out from the sea of content we’re all swimming in, you need to get inside your readers head. And here’s how to do it. Step 1: Stop confusing â€Å"audience† with â€Å"peers†. Sometimes when we sit down to create content, we accidentally slip into peer-mode. This is when we  create content that we  think will be impressive in our  industry. The problem is this: Content that impresses others inside  our industry isnt necessarily what will impress our  audience. Make sure you’re addressing topics that will help your viewers, not your peers. A topic that sounds great to you might not sound great to your audience. #blogging #contentmarketingStep 2: Do some Internet stalking. The very best way to find out what your audience really wants to know about is to go straight to the source. Look at questions your readers are asking, the problems they are struggling with, and the solutions they are searching for. Scour the comments sections on other related blogs to see what people are asking about. Check out QA websites like Qu0ra and Yahoo! Answers. Scan  profiles on social media for complaints, questions, or rants. This is all fodder for your next irresistible piece of content. Research  questions, problems, struggles, and solutions. #contentmarketing #bloggingStep 3: Look before you write (or record). Most topics have already been written about. It’s really hard to come up with a 100% original idea to create content on, so I’m not going to suggest you try and do that. But you should avoid creating content that is nearly interchangeable with what’s already out there. So after youve decided on a topic, do a quick Google search to turn up other content written on the subject. Ask yourself, â€Å"how can I improve on what’s already being said?† and â€Å"were there any questions left unanswered in that post/video/etc.?† and â€Å"how can I put my own spin on this subject?† Connect with your audience by improving on the #content that already exists. #contentmarketingRule #2 – Relate With Your Audience Earlier, we talked about how there is an abundance of blog  posts written every day, and how almost every topic has already been written about. This has led to a very important shift in what people are looking for online. Instead of searching only for accurate information and helpful tips, they are looking for those things piled on top of a style, personality, or a view point they can relate to. Your audience might have read a dozen blog posts on how to choose the right color paint for their kitchen remodel, but they might not really get it until they hear it from you. Your unique perspective, background, opinions, and personality will make your content unique. It won’t appeal to everyone, but it will appeal very strongly to those that relate with you (aka your dream customers or readers). So how, exactly, do you tap into what makes you you in order to create content that your readers can relate with? Start by getting comfortable showing some vulnerability. Get vulnerable with your audience. Share  opinions, values, and failures. #bloggingWhen we put our opinions, values, past failures (and even successes) out there, we open ourselves up to some degree of push back. But we also open ourselves up to a whole new level of connection with our audience. People can find facts anywhere- what they really want is the story. Your story. Rule #3 – Stay Focused Youve probably heard the expression that people have the attention span of a goldfish online. It’s true that almost all of your visitors have their cursor hovering over the back button, so it’s vital that you find a way to capture and keep their attention. One of the best ways to accomplish this is to stay focused. Bunny trails, long-winded introductions, and off-topic side notes are great ways to lose your visitor’s attention. Choose one very specific  topic for each piece of content, and then stick to it. If you try to tackle a topic that’s too large, you’ll feel yourself drifting from point to point. Bunny trails, long-winded introductions, and off-topic side notes lose attention. #bloggingHere’s a trick for making sure your content is focused: Identify the outcome you want for your audience after they view  your content. What one thing do you want them to learn, understand, or get inspired about? At every paragraph, bullet point, and sub-header, ask yourself â€Å"does this help my visitor accomplish that one specific goal?† Does every paragraph, bullet point, and sub-header help your audience accomplish a specific goal? #4 – Give Them An Easy Win Remember the outcome you identified a minute ago for your audience to achieve after viewing your content? This is the step where you drive that home and create  content so valuable that your audience will love it, share it, and come back for more. We know that valuable content should help our audience achieve something (whether it’s a specific goal, a lifestyle change, or even a mindset shift), but achieving it is often a process. We all tend to resist starting a new process- whether it’s for a lack of time, motivation, or courage- so how can you help people act on your content? The simple answer: Make it ridiculously simple to do so. The actual process of achieving the outcome your content was created to produce might take a while (say, losing weight), so break the process down and identify one, tiny step your audience can take in that direction. For our â€Å"losing weight† example, maybe this small step is identifying one thing they could do today to eat just a little bit healthier or get in an extra 10 minutes of exercise. Choose something very small that your audience can do for an easy win. It will build momentum toward that goal. This transforms your content from something abstract into something actionable.

Founding of the Colony of Georgia

Founding of the Colony of Georgia The colony of Georgia was the last of the formally founded colonies in what would become the United States, in 1732 by Englishman James Oglethorpe. But for nearly 200 years before that, Georgia was a disputed region, with Spain, France, and England jockeying for the control of land owned by several powerful Indian groups, including the Creek Confederacy. Fast Facts: Colony of Georgia Also Known As: Guale, Carolina ColonyNamed After: British King George IIFounding Year: 1733Founding Country: Spain, EnglandFirst Known European Settlement: 1526, San Miguel de GualdapeResidential  Native Communities: Creek Confederacy, Cherokee, Choctaw, ChickasawFounders: Lucas Vzques de Ayllà ³n, James OglethorpeFirst Continental Congressmen: NoneSigners of the Declaration: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton Early Exploration The first Europeans to set foot in Georgia were Spanish conquistadors: it is possible that Juan Ponce de Leon (1460–1521) made it to the coastal reaches of the future state by 1520. The first European colonization was on the coast, probably near St. Catherines Island, and established by Lucas Vzques de Ayllà ³n (1480–1526). Called San Miguel de Guadalupe, the settlement only lasted a few months before it was abandoned over the winter of 1526–1527 due to illness, death (including its leader), and factionalism. Spanish explorer Hernan de Soto (1500–1542) led his expeditionary forces through Georgia in 1540 on his way to the Mississippi River, and the De Soto Chronicles contained notes about his journey and the Native American inhabitants he met along the way. Spanish missions were set up along the Georgia coast: the most permanent of those was established by the Jesuit priest Juan Pardo on St. Catherines Island in 1566. Later, English settlers from South Carolina would travel into the region of Georgia to trade with the Native Americans they found there. Part of Georgia was subsumed into the Carolina colony in 1629. The first English explorer was Henry Woodward, who arrived at the Chattahoochee falls in the 1670s, what was then the center of the Creek Nation. Woodward formed an alliance with the Creek and together they forced the Spanish out of Georgia. The Margravate of Azilia The Margravate of Azilia, a colony proposed in 1717 by Robert Montgomery (1680–1731), the eleventh Baronet of Skelmorlie, was to be located somewhere between the Savannah and Altamaha Rivers, as an idyllic establishment with a palace of the margrave (leader) surrounded by a green space and then in descending circles farther and farther from the center, sections would be laid out for barons and commoners. Montgomery likely never made it to North America and Azilia was never built. In 1721, while Georgia was part of the Carolina Colony, Fort King George near Darien on the Altamaha River was established and then abandoned in 1727.   Founding and Ruling the Colony It was not until 1732 that the colony of Georgia was actually created. This made it the last of the thirteen British colonies, a full fifty years after Pennsylvania came into being. James Oglethorpe was a well known British soldier who thought that one way to deal with debtors who were taking up a lot of room in British prisons was to send them to settle a new colony. However, when King George II granted Oglethorpe the right to create this colony named after himself, it was to serve a much different purpose. The new colony  was to be located between South Carolina and Florida, to act as a protective buffer between the Spanish and English colonies. Its boundaries included all of the lands between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers, including much of present-day Alabama and Mississippi. Oglethorpe advertised in the London papers for poor people who would get free passage, free land, and all the supplies, tools, and food they would need for a year. The first shipload of settlers set sail aboard the Ann in 1732, disembarked at Port Royal on the South Carolina coast, and reached the foot of Yamacraw Bluff on the Savannah River on February 1, 1733, where they founded the city of Savannah. Georgia was unique among the thirteen British colonies in that no local governor was appointed or elected to oversee its population. Instead, the colony was ruled by a Board of Trustees that was located back in London. The Board of Trustees ruled that slavery, Catholics, lawyers, and rum were all banned within the colony. That would not last. War of Independence In 1752, Georgia became a royal colony and the British parliament selected royal governors to rule it. Historian Paul Pressly has suggested that unlike the other colonies, Georgia succeeded in the two decades before Independence because of its connections to the Caribbean and based on an economy of rice supported by the enslavement of Africans.   The royal governors held power until 1776, with the beginning of the American Revolution. Georgia was not a real presence in the fight against Great Britain. In fact, due to its youth and stronger ties to the Mother Country, many inhabitants sided with the British. The colony sent no delegates to the First Continental Congress: they were facing attacks from the Creek and desperately needed the support of regular British soldiers. Nonetheless, there were some staunch leaders from Georgia in the fight for independence including three signers of the Declaration of Independence: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton. After the war, Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the US Constitution. Sources and Further Reading Coleman, Kenneth (ed.). A History of Georgia, 2nd edition. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1991.  Pressly, Paul M. On the Rim of the Caribbean: Colonial Georgia and the British Atlantic World. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013.Russell, David Lee. Oglethorpe and Colonial Georgia: A History, 1733-1783. McFarland, 2006Sonneborne, Liz. A Primary Source History of the Colony of Georgia. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 2006.  The Margravate of Azilia. Our Georgia History.

Name As Object Of Self-Identical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Name As Object Of Self-Identical - Essay Example In addition, names are responsible for how we first perceive ourselves. Parents after naming their children interact with them using these names. Names describe a person’s present self and more often than not they help people in forming their own first impressions. Names, whether given by parents or individually chosen are key in developing one’s self-identity. People try to live up or run away from their names. The concept of self-identity, in recent years, has been the subject of many psychological, social and anthropology discussions (Perry, 2002, p4). This essay will analyze the influence a name or names have on the self-identity of a person, culture, organization or country. In anthropology, the term self-identity is usually in the context of ethnic identity. That is the perception of oneself, or self-sameness, in regard to others. Their joint characteristics of language and culture of the group form the group’s identity. Names and identities are peas in a pod. They are similar in nature as people confuse the two quite a lot. Names can refer to identities but they do not dictate an object’s or person’s self-identity. Names, unlike other identifying markers, are not subject to stereotyping. People rarely associate a name with a behavior or reputation; however, the name provides a platform from which a person judges his fellow human. A name, let us say â€Å"John†, quickly resonates with people. From this name, people are able to quickly know your background, compare you to other â€Å"Johns† they know, among other relevant information they have on the name â€Å"John†. These observations summarize the powerful effects a name has on others. After birth, parents spend plenty of time researching and considering the name they will give to their child (Perry, 2002, p5). Several factors are considered when choosing a child’s name as it prepares the child for the future. Parents will give strong names for their boys and feminine names for the boys. Majority of parents will choose names that are not prone to teasing or mocking by other children or people when they grow up.

Caja Mediterrneo Bank Insolvency Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Caja Mediterrneo Bank Insolvency - Case Study Example The trademark Caja Mediterrà ¡neo started being used in 2007. Initially the bank used the trademark Caja de Ahorros de Alicante y Murcia. Some of the institutions absorbed to form CAM include Caja de Ahorros de Torrent, which had been formed in 1906, and Caja de Ahorros Provincial de Alicante y Valencia which was absorbed in 1991 (‘Caja Mediterraneo and Accenture Deploy Alnova Core Banking Platform’ 2010, Web). By 1975, several other institutions had joined to form the current CAM. Such institutions included Caja Rural de Ahorros y Prà ©stamos del Sindicato Catà ³lico Agrà ­cola de Yecla, Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Alcoy, Caja de Ahorro y Monte de Piedad de Yecla, Caja de Ahorros de Nuestra Seà ±ora de los Dolores in Crevillent, Caja de Ahorro y Monte de Piedad de Elche, Caja de Ahorros de Novelda, Caja de Ahorros de Nuestra Seà ±ora de Monserrate, Caja de Ahorros del Sureste de Espaà ±a, Caja de Ahorro y Monte de Piedad de Alicante, and Caja de Ahorro y Monte de Piedad de Jumilla. Others include Caja de Ahorro y Monte de Piedad de Murcia, Caja de Ahorro y Monte de Piedad de Cartagena, and Caja Rural de Ahorros y Prà ©stamos del Sindicato Catà ³lico Agrà ­cola de El Progreso (‘Spain's central bank favors merger of Caja Madrid’ 2010, Web; manta 2012, Web). By December 2007, CAM Bank was considered the fourth largest Spanish savings Bank. The ranking was based on customer loans and deposits. Moreover, the Bank was ranked the third larger in term of market share and the number of office openings. The bank originated in Murcia and Alicante provinces and offered banking services across Spain. With a network of about 1,100 offices, the bank employed about 7,100 workers and served more than 3, 300, 000 clients. CAM was mainly involved in retail banking. The customers included Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and individuals. In addition, the bank was involved in the provision of services such as insurance as well as asset management (Anon 2011, Web).

Financial System of France Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial System of France - Essay Example French banking system is composed of approximately 450 banking business entities, which operate close to 40,000 branches. With this magnitude banking institutions, approximately 60 million people are considered as the banked segment. One of the defining characteristics of French banking system is the proximity of financial and non-financial institutions to the customers, which provide adequate banking services and products. Nonetheless, all organizations providing banking services operate under authorized establishments. Authorization of establishments defines the scope of banking activities. The establishments authorized include general-purpose credit institutions, investment service providers, and specialized credit institutions. All the commercial banks and other financial institutions within France are regulated and controlled by Banque de France, the French Central Bank. Linked to the European Central Bank, Banque de France has been effective in administering monetary policies and ensuring compliance amongst financial organizations. Some of the core functions of Banque de France are formulation and implementation of monetary and credit policies, issuance of currency, ensuring financial stability, monitoring French’s financial markets, and controlling all the foreign reserves. Banque de France is usually administered by a General Council having the responsibility of developing and carrying out all activities that relate to monetary policies. French financial (stock) market has primary and secondary markets. Primary markets provide vistas for introduction of new securities while secondary markets are involved in the actual trading. Paris Stock Exchange market had four markets prior to 2005; first, second, new, and free markets. The trading on stock had to be done across these four markets. Paris, Bruzelles, and Amsterdam Stock Exchange markets merged into Euronext Stock Exchange Market, which led to free market being subsisted and replacement of other markets by the Eurolist market. Due to increasing volume of transactions, Euronext Stock Market expanded to cover Portugal and United Kingdom in 2003 though still under the control of Euronext Paris. Currently, Euronext, having a volume of approximately US$1.9 trillion (Yahoo Finance) by trading, has all the French and foreign companies that subscribe their shares to the public. Importantly, Euronext through merger with New York Stock Exchange in 2006 led to the establishmen t of the current NYSE Euronext. Within Euronext, the main stock indices relate to either market or activity with the main one being the CAC 40 belonging to SBF 120. Amazingly, CAC 40 makes up 75% of all the stock exchange transactions. On the other hand, blue chips of CAC 40 such as Air France KLM, Arcelormittal, and AXA amongst others are indicated in the appendices. French financial market is composed

The importance of automobile industry

The importance of automobile industry CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Introduction In the civilization of 21st century, human beings are not only focused on the basic needs but also pursuit the higher quality life. From the emergence of competitive business world, automobile manufacturers and assemblers needed to be active in order to ensure that consumers have high intention to purchase their products. We can clearly knowing that the people are toward the goal of comfortable and enjoyable life compared those residents in the olden days. Background information of country Malaysia The national car project, PROTON has been initiated with the originally conceived the idea and direct support of the then Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamed was incorporate on May 7th, 1983 (http://www.proton.com). The first Proton car, Proton Saga was launched on July 9th, 1985. The present model car includes Gen2, Iswara, Wira, Waja, Savvy, Persona and Perdana. With the support by government, Malaysia has a fairly strong automobile industry. Beside Protons cars, the famous and well known cars also been assembled in Malaysia such as BMW, Honda, Hyundai, Mercedes Benz, Nissan, Toyota, Volvo and etc. The importance of the automobile industry is also evident from its substantial contribution to the government bursary on direct and indirect taxes. It is estimated a total of RM 13.14 billion. A 54% of the total is for the government annual duty excise revenue which approximately RM 7.0956 billion, 33% of sales tax which approximately RM 4.3362 billion, 8% of import duty approximately RM 1.0512 billion and a 5% of corporate tax estimated to be RM 0.657 billion (http://www.proton.com). It the sense, it surely will be the governments interest to see automobile industry in Malaysia to grow further. Malaysia is largest automobile market in ASEANS with 90% of that manufactured or assembled domestically and more than 500,000 vehicles sold annually (Cheng, 2006). It shows that the major market for Malaysia is passenger automobile market. The new vehicle sales for passengers automobile in year 2006 is 90.1% compared with year 1999 is 83.1% (Malaysian Automobile Association, 2009). From year 1999 to year 2006, the highest automobile sales in Malaysia on year 2005 which is 416,692 automobiles. Table 1.1 shows the new vehicle sales in Malaysia from year 1999 2006. In year 1999 to 2006, we can see that Proton market share had decreased from 64.98% to 31.50% in the year 2006. This means that, the well known marques companies had started to penetrate in Malaysia automobile market. Throughout the 8 years, the highest increased in new vehicle sales is Toyota 84.53% follow by Honda 81.82%, third is Mercedes Benz 64.62%, BMW 61.47% and Nissan 59.50%. We can know that marques like BMW, Honda, Mercedes Benz, Nissan and Toyota automobiles sales have been increased from year to year. Beside Proton vehicle, Perodua is also one of the national car projects in Malaysia. They had also been increased in their vehicle sales from year 1999 2006 which is 56.46%. Automobile industry is the key success factor on the economy growth by creating various kinds of jobs in different industry. Due to its growth and backward relation with almost every segment of the economy, the automobile market has a strong and positive multiplier effect and thus propels progress of a nation (http://business.gov.in). Since Malaysia government had invested in national car project to elevate the technologies and to spur the set up of a huge network industry and services to put Malaysia among the few developing countries that are capable of producing a wide range of vehicles. According to Y.B. Dato Mustapa Mohamed Minister of Prime Ministers Department (2004), to compete internationally in automobile industry, we needed to invest in research and development, upgrade the workforce productivity and production efficiency to be competitively priced, be customer focused and provide satisfactory after sale services and to be aggressively promoting their brands to strengthen their market share positions. Beside that, the automobile industry in Malaysia needed to improve on innovations and practicality of designs, better safety features, improving performance, and fuel efficiency and be environment-friendly (Mustapa,Dato, 2004). Consumer are now also considered comfort and the colors are now for standards of driving in all of the world (Mustapa,Dato, 2004). Malaysia government had introduced the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) in automobile industry to revise the sales forecast in order to be more competitively. It is also a way to be greater integration in ASEAN automotive industry; Malaysia will cut down the ASEAN CEPT import duty to 5% for qualifying vehicles (Cheng, 2006). It has been forecast that Proton might facing hard time to competing against tariff-free imports from other ASEANcountries under the agreement (Dilip Singh Mutum, 2003). The famous marques in the world such as Honda, Toyota, BMW and Ford have been put up their manufacturing plant in Thailand for the Malaysia automobile market. The car that have local content at least 40% produced by foreign country may enjoy a preferential import duty (Dilip Singh Mutum, 2003). Background of the Study The automobile industry has become more competitive as the fast trend growing automobile industry in Asia has drawn attention. Asia has been acknowledgement as a potential growth area for the automobile industry. A brands new car publication has led to increased competition, substantial price cuts and lower margins in the automobile industry (Silk Road, 2005). These relationships are not confined to the pursuit of short-term economic imperatives cost reduction but embrace innovations in design and technology, creative research and development and quality improvement and after sale services (Morris, Donnelley Donnelley, 2004). In the competitive automobile industry, competitors have to ensure their products are attracting to the consumers and high perception. The sales of the automobile will enhance the companys growth, profitability and market shares. Many consumers make their purchasing decisions is not always on the products pricing, but is on product characteristics, quality and perception, even between with fast moving consumer good (FMCG) (Veloutsou, Gioulistanis Moutinho, 2004). Some of the producer tends to focus on their own product comparable quality with the international brands, while others give less emphasis on the quality and concentrate on low price products. It is based on their target market. This theory can be converted to products marketed in internationally or locally. The British and German consumers with emphasize to the purchase intention in automobiles, placing particular emphasis on quantifying the relative importance of country-of-origin (Diamantopoulus, Schlegelmilch Du Preez, 1995). Therefore, the product quality will cause induction on consumer by increased their purchase intention attitude towards the brand and willingness of the product. In the advanced and competitive automobile market, consumer perception and purchase intention towards international brand on decision making is well set up. The automobile industries have to continue alter to strengthen their product image with a specific characteristic of the car model. The automobile companies can be fiddle by design via the use of visual elements, which consists of design characteristic to identify a brand and design characteristic for specific models to emphasize individuality (Liem, Zainal Warell, 2009). In automobile industry, under the tremendous pressure of offering a greater product variety at the competitive market pricing, the companies have increasingly employed platform sharing strategy, where different brands and models share the same basic platform (Chen, Kang Hung, 2007). Beside the innovation of the automobiles, after sales service also play an important role to initial the purchase of cars. It would substantially higher in sales and profit margin for the company. It creates substantial opportunities for cross-selling, brand-building, and solidifying customer loyalty. Before a store brand increases customer loyalty, many steps in the process have to be completed (Zielke Dobbelstein, 2007). The customer must know the product, launch some kind of interest, and try the product the first time, become satisfied and then launch a preference which will creates the loyalty of customer (Zielke Dobbelstein, 2007). The marques is currently undertaking a social change with its brands seeming less remote, less different, and less exclusive with high quality of life improving (Anurit, Newman Chansarkar, 1999). With the entire luxury marques brand, it created competitive automobile industry in world wide. The perception of the car image had become the key role in the purchase intention when the quality of the car is continue rising. The premium marques such as Lamborghini, Ferrari, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz must enlarge the attributes and values that reflect changing social values which influence buyers emotionally, in order to maintain their positions in different regions of the global market (Anurit, Newman Chansarkar, 1999). The purpose of this study is to examine consumer perception towards international brand in automobile industry and the factors that affecting the purchase intention on automobile industry towards international brand in Malaysia. It is to understand the perception towards the impact of international brand in automobile industry. Background of Problem Statement In studying the publics perception towards their preferred brand(s), it is important to understand the purchase intention and how does it affects the decision making and understand the factors affecting the purchase intention. Beside that, product image are important and lead to the idea in the marketing strategy. The brand name was the most important quality, followed by price retailer reputation (Agawal, Teas, 2002). These findings are valuable to marketers because they clarify whether or not marketing strategies related to market pricing, brand name, and their retailer reputation, can be standardized across cultures and countries (Agawal, Teas, 2002). The research is on Malaysians perception towards international brand in automobile industry and the affects of purchase intention on automobile in Malaysia. Almost all new car models are structure with brand extensions, capitalizing on current consumer perceptions and positioning the new model within the brand family (Strach Everett, 2006). Most of the Chinese car buyers are making their first automobile purchase and shows the brand loyalty (Silk Road, 2005). In the automobile market, consumers perceptions are more sensitive on the pricing that will affect the purchase intention. On the other hand, the perception towards the impact of international brand in automobile industry is a brand alliance combines the equity of two or more brand names to create a synergistic effect (Rodrique Biswas, 2004). In addition, the variables should be positively affected by the brand alliance (Rodrique Biswas, 2004). The brand names serve as a quality pledge device by wigwag product quality better than the host brand can by itself (Rodrique Biswas, 2004). Korean consumers perception were more strongly influenced by subjective norms rather than their attitudes, while US consumers purchase intentions were more strongly influenced by their attitudes than by the subjective norms (Chung Pysarcik, 2000). Problem Statement In Malaysia, the automobile industries are very competitive and the quantities of automobiles users are increasing every year. Table 1.2 shows the sales of automobiles in Malaysia in year 1999-2003. From the table, we can see that the non-national cars sales have been increasing throughout the five years. We can know that nowadays the peoples are preferred on international brand compared to the past. In year 2003, KIA motor has become one of the national cars in Malaysia. In year 2002 and 2003 total national cars sales have drop about 17% which is 56,920 units. Compared with the International brand cars sales have been increase about 35.7% which is about 16,663 units. However, Malaysias automobile industries still are facing positive and negative factors and impact which will greatly affect the purchase intention in automobile industry toward international brand. Therefore, I would like to do the research on automobile industry in Malaysia. In this research, we will focus and analyze the main 3 problem in this field which is: What is the Malaysians perception towards international brand in automobile industry? What are the factors affecting the purchase intention on automobile industry towards international brand in Malaysia? What is the perception towards the impact of international brand in automobile industry? Research Objective We define the research objective as: To study the Malaysians perception towards international brand in automobile industry. To study the factors affecting the purchase intention on automobile industry towards international brand in Malaysia. To study the perception towards the impact of international brand in automobile industry. Scope of the study This study will focus on all Malaysians especially the students from Multimedia University and working adults / young executives. It will examine the perception towards international brand and the factors affecting the purchase intention and the perception towards the impact of international brand in automobile industry. The study specifically will be focus on the Malaysians perception towards international brand in automobile industry. Significant of the study Through consumer behavior perspective in automobile industry, the research of this study prescribes the assembler and manufacturer with importance information about the perception is contributing to the purchase intention. With globalization, companies compete across borders and cultures. It is important for automobile industry to understand and forecast the perception. In addition, the research will provide a useful tool in developing effective marketing plans. It also provides some insight of Malaysians perceptions that arouse positive attitude towards international brand that will influence the consumers purchase intention. By conducting this research, it will be great to explore the perception towards the impact of international brand in automobile. The research is value added to the theory of purchase intention that it is not only related to locally but also internationally. Through this study, we are able to understand the factors that affecting to purchase intention on automobile towards international brand in Malaysia. Furthermore, this study can be used as a reference in Malaysia automobile industry for policy makers, automobile manufacturer and assemblers. Organization of the Research Report There are five chapters to be organized: Chapter 1 is the introduction of this research. Background of study and background of information country will be explained. Problem Statement and objective of study will be defined in this chapter. In Chapter 2, we will present a review of literature related to the perception of Malaysians towards international brand in automobile industry and the factors affecting the purchase intention on automobile industry towards International brand in Malaysia. This chapter also includes the perception towards the impact of international brand in automobile industry. The Chapter 3, research methodology, which includes the description of research framework used, questionnaire, sampling plan, and data collection method and data analysis. In this chapter, hypothesises will be made. In Chapter 4, we will analysis on the result of research findings. The beginning of the chapter is the background of the respondents. In the following part, reliability analysis will be tested. In the third part, there is included with mean analysis. The fourth is Pearson Correlation Analysis. The last part of Chapter 4 is multiple regressions. Chapter 5 is the contribution and conclusion of the study. The next part is suggestion for future research and limitation of study will be determined. Recommendation for the future study is included. Lastly, conclusion for the whole study will be given. LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction The purpose of the literature review is to provide supporting evidence that is related to the research. This chapter discusses the relevant literature dominant to the expansion of the conceptual model. Specifically, this literature review related to the perception and purchase intention. The Underlying Theory of Perception Most of the consumers will judge based on the price, store name, and brand name, to incriminate product quality perceptions has been demonstrated (Agrawal Teas, 2002). Study is an important build for investigative ethics-relevant feature of situational element in decision making and the relationship between quality cues and perceived quality across different cultural groups (Singhapakdi, Rawwas, Marta Ahmed, 1999; Agrawal Teas, 2002). In investigative the problem of perceived value is important because, when contrast with perceived quality, perceived value is immediate linked to consumer willingness-to-buy (Agrawal Teas, 2002). In additional, values are more complicated concept than the simply quality because it involves a trade-off of give and get components of a business deal. Therefore, the value will influence consumers purchase intention, which conversely is influenced by both quality and monetary sacrifice needed to purchase the product (Agrawal Teas, 2002). According to Agrawal and Teas (2002) Figure 2.1 shows the relationship between perceived quality, perceived sacrifice, perceived value and willingness-to-buy due to these four premises. The second premise will affect the first premise, which is consumers perception of product value will affect by consumers willingness-to-buy. Beside that, the perceived quality and monetary sacrifice is also affect by the consumers perception of value Therefore, Extrinsic cues such store name, brand name and price will be affect by consumers perception of product quality. Followed by, the price would be affect by consumers perception of sacrifice. Agrawal Teas (2002) conclude that: Consumers perceptions of quality and sacrifice will influence by extrinsic cues which is objective price, retailer reputation and brand name; The assessments of perceived value will influence by consumers perceptions of quality and sacrifice; and Consumers willingness-to-buy will be influence by the perceptions of value. According to Agrawal and Teas (2002) most of the consumers very frequent short of the in detail information, interest, expertise and time to assess a products quality. Pricing is also one of the indicators of cost that causes consumers have to give up an opportunity cost in exchange for the other products. The perceived quality and perceived sacrifice intervene the relationship between pricing, retailer reputation and brand name and perceive value. The willingness to buy a product is more directly connected to perceived value than perceived quality. Beliefs, Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions Model The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between consumers perceptions and purchase intentions. By using the model of beliefs, attitudes and behavioral intentions it can define the relationship between consumers perceptions and purchase intentions (Fishbein Ajzen, 1975). According to Fishbein Ajzen (1975), as illustrated in Figure 2.2 it can define the relationships between perceptions and purchase intentions. As plate in Figure 2.2, the foundation of Fishbein Ajzen (1975) model is touch down in the difference between beliefs, attitude, intentions and behaviors. Beliefs are the main blocks in the model. Based on the first hand observation receive from outside source, a person emulate of beliefs about an object. Then they joint the object with every attributes. Therefore, a persons forges beliefs about oneself, about other people, about institutions, behaviors. The overall of a persons beliefs serve as the message base that ultimately defines their attitude, intentions and behaviors. Attitude can be characterization as a learned inclination to respond in a constant favorable or unfavorable way with respect to given object. Meanwhile, a behavioral intention indicates to a persons pectoral probability that they will perform some specific behavior. According to Fishbein Ajzen (1975) conceptual framework, a persons intentions, in the last resolution, are a function of certain beliefs. Some of these beliefs affect the persons attitude toward the behavior. In detailed, a person manner toward performing a given behavior is linked to their beliefs that performing the behavior will guide to certain outcome and his appraisal of those outcome. The acceptance is that the more favorable a persons attitude toward an object, the more they will propose to implement positive behaviors and the less they will propose to implement negative behaviors with respect to that object. The standard variable in Fishbein Ajzen (1975) model is the individuals behavioral intention. Fishbein Ajzen (1975) stated that behavioral intentions minister as a persons attitude toward an intervening variable and clear behavior. Fishbein Ajzen (1975) confident that the best forecast of a given behavior should be the persons intention to deal in that behavior. In order to forecast a concrete behavior (purchase intention), it is essential to measure the persons attitude and intentions toward performing that behavior (Fishbein Ajzen (1975). Therefore, if there can forecast on the behavioral intentions, in the other way it also can forecast the real behavior (Newberry, Klemz Boshoff, 2003). Product Cues Consumer assess products is based on the two attributes. Product linked attributes and non-product attributes are the two attributes. Design, serviceability and workmanship are the examples of product linked attributes (Gutman Alden, 1985). Inherent cues are the attributes that should not be transformed without transforming the physical features of the product itself (Gutman Alden, 1985). Consumers find it hard, if not impractical to assess the intrinsic cues precisely (Gutman Alden, 1985). The second element is extrinsic cues which are non-product linked attributes. Extrinsic cue is one which forms element of the worth of the product which is not innate characteristic of the substantial product (Gutman Alden, 1985). When inherent cues are apparent as being unpredictable, incomparable or unavailable, the extrinsic cues are relied upon seriously in the circumstances of risks (Gutman Alden, 1985). Research have revealed that consumers depend on extrinsic cues such as brand name (Agrawal Teas, 2002), price (Agrawal Teas, 2002), seller reputation (Agrawal Teas, 2002), advertising (Gutman Alden, 1985) and country-of-origin (Gutman Alden, 1985), in evaluating the value of products and brands preceding to purchase. Brand is used particularly as inherent cues (e.g. taste, performance and design) are not obtainable (Gutman Alden, 1985). This research aims to focus on an imperative gap by investigative product cue usage among consumers in Malaysia as both inherent and ext rinsic cues are predictable to influence consumers purchase intention. Inherent cues on Purchase Intention Consumers will form their possess perceptions on product cues, irrespective of their correctness as product cues are main advertising variables that pressure purchase decisions of potential customers (Singhapakdi, Rawwas, Marta Ahmed, 1999). The components of cultural pressure and group conventionality have a weaker influence on attitudes than product assessment, and they are major predictors for domestic products but not for imported products (Chung Pysarchik, 2000). According to Singhapakdi, Rawwas, Marta Ahmed (1999) Malaysian and United State consumers will also be compared in condition of their personality ethical philosophies. Furthermore, the two groups of consumers will be compared about their attitudes toward business, in most cases, and toward salespeople (Singhapakdi, Rawwas, Marta Ahmed, 1999). There were several primary differences between United State and Malaysia is chosen for the assessment among these two countries (Singhapakdi, Rawwas, Marta Ahmed, 1999). For example, the civilizing typology, the two cultures are different in definite significant values (Singhapakdi, Rawwas, Marta Ahmed, 1999). It has constantly found real differences in moral perceptions in United State compared to Malaysia (Singhapakdi, Rawwas, Marta Ahmed, 1999). Beside that, a study by Chung Pysarchik (2000) on cross-cultural differences within the apply of inherent and extrinsic product cues on consumers assessment and purchase intention for an attire product in China and Korea has reported that there were several differences in Chinese and Korean in assessing quality, worthy and purchase intentions. Findings have exposed that design was a stronger forecaster of purchase intention among Korean consumer (Chung Pysarchik, 2000). In brief, Korean consumers become visible to decide value of an attire product by comparing physical quality and design to price suitability, whereas Chinese consumers perception of value appear to be mainly reliant on their price perceptions (Chung Pysarchik, 2000). In addition, the research by Diamantopoulos, Schlegelmilch Preez (1995) the possibility of standardizing European advertising has been questioned on the basis of trade and industry, cultural, and behavioral differences among European consumers. Particularly, it compares British and German consumers through observe to automobile purchases, insertion exacting importance on quantifying the relation importance of country-of-origin and environmental cues in a multi-cue context (Diamantopoulos, Schlegelmilch Preez, 1995). Inherent cues are conceptualized as the attributes that should not be distorted or manipulated without changing the physical characteristics of the product itself (Gutman Alden, 1985). In inherent cues it might be hypothesized that inherent cues with slight consequence to consumers when evaluating an automobile. Singhapakdi, Rawwas, Marta Ahmed (1999) study have shaped an opposing consequence. Their findings have exposed that inherent cues are possible to have a better collision on product assessments than extrinsic cues (Singhapakdi, Rawwas, Marta Ahmed, 1999). Automobile purchase is a high contribution product and its difficult for consumers who do not have any technical background (Singhapakdi, Rawwas, Marta Ahmed, 1999). Since automobile is a physical product, consumers more often assess product by using inherent cues such as color, design and specifications of the automobile (Gutman Alden, 1985) and extrinsic cues which is brand name, retailer reputation and price (Agrawal Teas, 2002). Since it is luxurious, it is bought once in a while. It is apparent to be dangerous and is extremely self expressive (Singhapakdi, Rawwas, Marta Ahmed, 1999). Country of Origin on Purchase Intention In given that to determining the work of country of origin has develop into one of the extensively research concepts in promotion and consumers behavior (Peterson Jolibert, 1995). It is one of the majority extensively deliberate phenomena in all the international business, promotion, and consumers behavior joint (Peterson Jolibert, 1995). It is unambiguous that a products country of origin can pressure consumers evaluative judgments of the product (Diamantopoulos, Schlegelmilch Preez, 1995). These researches have established that consumers from miscellaneous countries have different perception about products produce in different countries (Diamantopoulos, Schlegelmilch Preez, 1995). Also, it is acknowledged that there is a better requirement to determine consumers attitude towards both domestic and foreign products (Ozsomer Cavusgil, 1991). Several researches in this area have alert on what is called the country of origin consequence, investigating how consumers recognize products sourced from a exacting country (Peterson Jolibert, 1995). Country of origin is distinct as the country of produce or assembly (Ozsomer Cavusgil, 1991). This refers to the final point of produce which can be the same as the headquarters of the organization doing the marketing of the product or the brand name (Diamantopoulos, Schlegelmilch Preez, 1995). Precedent country-of-origin research is mainly leaning towards consumer evaluations of product quality (Diamantopoulos, Schlegelmilch Preez, 1995). Results on American buyers perception on product made in Eastern Europe have shown that industrial buyer usually felt that the quality of goods manufactured in West European countries was higher than the quality of products manufactured in the Eastern (Huddleston, Good Stoel, 2001). While country-of-origin belongings have been deliberate for over twenty five years, most of the research is restricted to uni-national products connecting a single country-of origin (Ozsomer Cavusgil, 1991). In recent times, the minority researchers have ongoing to observe the country-of-origin possessions in the circumstance of multi-country surroundings, making a dissimilarity among country of construct or assembly and the country of the companys headquarters (Huddleston, Good Stoel, 2001). For example, Anurit, Newman Chansarkar (1999) found that with the intention of designed for bi-national products; country of manufacture has superior possessions on top of consumer evaluations of product quality than does the brand name. In addition, Ozsomer Cavusgil (1991) found that there is no benefit in by means of a country with apparent greater design ability to improve product quality perception if the country assembly location is already apparent to produce poor quality products. Country of origin might be less important than has usually been supposed and they might happen mainly in relation to assessment of detailed attributes rather than overall evaluations (Huddleston, Good Stoel, 200 1). Consequently, there is no inquiry that country of origin consequence does exist and made-in typecast can be modify at least in the long-standing. Analyzing information throughout the use of structural modeling, Diamantopoulos, Schlegelmilch Preez (1995) found rejection direct association of country of origin on purchase intentions and this confirms Peterson Jolibert (1995) doubts that country of origin evaluations has modest or rejection direct pressure on purchase intentions. This led researchers to conclude that the pressure of country of origin is more possible to function throughout supplementary variables rather than straight on purchase intentions (Diamantopoulos, Schlegelmilch Preez, 1995). According to Diamantopoulos, Schlegelmilch Preez (1995) the connection between country-of-origin possessions and branding has newly attracted rehabilitated concentration. For car manufacturers, country-of-origin possessions are of exacting significance (Diamantopoulos, Schlegelmilch Preez, 1995). Alternatively, they have achieved an extremely worldwide organization of manufacture processes which makes it ever more complicated for common consu